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Stealth action video games
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Stealth action video games
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===Early developments: 1980–1986=== The genre's earliest ancestor was the [[1980 ]] [[maze|maze chase]] game ''[[Pac-Man]]'',<ref name="gsutra_stealth">{{Cite web|last=Al-Kaisy|first=Muhammad|title=The history and meaning behind the 'Stealth genre'|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/MuhammadAlkaisy/20110610/7764/The_history_and_meaning_behind_the_Stealth_genre.php|publisher=[[Gamasutra]]|accessdate=15 September 2011|date=06/10/11}}</ref><ref name="Gamasutra">{{Cite web|title=GO3: Kojima Talks Metal Gear History, Future|author=David Low|publisher=[[Gamasutra]]|date=April 2, 2007|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=13351|accessdate=2011-08-03}}</ref> which laid the foundations for the stealth genre.<ref name="gsutra_stealth"/> It emphasized avoiding and running away from enemies rather than fighting them,<ref name="gsutra_stealth"/><ref name="Gamasutra"/> and had an influence on the design of ''Metal Gear''.<ref name="Gamasutra"/> Another early [[arcade]] maze game from 1980 that emphasized avoiding enemies was ''[[Lupin III]]'', based on the [[anime]] of the same name, where the titular protagonist is a thief who must steal money and escape before being caught by police inspectors or guards.[http://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=8467][http://www.arcade-history.com/?n=lupin-iii&page=detail&id=1419] [[SEGA]]'s ''[[005]]'', released for the [[Arcade game|arcades]] in [[1981 in video gaming|1981]],<ref>[http://gamespot.com/arcade/action/005/index.html 005], [[GameSpot]]</ref> was an early game to employ stealth elements. Players controlled a spy who must avoid enemies as he makes his way through buildings and warehouses, where he will need to dodge the enemies' flashlights and use boxes as hiding spots.<ref>{{Allgame|2785|005}}</ref> ''005'' holds the [[Guinness World Record]] for being the first stealth game.<ref name=Guinness>{{Cite web|title=First Stealth Game|publisher=Guinness World Records|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-8000/first-stealth-game/|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref> ''[[Castle Wolfenstein]]'', originally available on the [[Apple II]] in 1981, also employed stealth elements as a focus of the gameplay. Players were charged with traversing the levels of ''Castle Wolfenstein'', stealing secret plans and escaping. Players could acquire uniforms to disguise themselves and walk by guards undetected.<ref name="gamesradar">{{Cite web|title=The sneaky history of stealth games: Hide and seek through the ages|author=Shane Patterson|publisher=GamesRadar|date=February 3, 2009|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/f/the-sneaky-history-of-stealth-games/a-2009020393535662028|accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref> ''[[Beyond Castle Wolfenstein]]'', released in [[1984 in video gaming|1984]],<ref>Kat Bailey, [http://www.1up.com/do/feature?cId=3169774 Top 5 Overlooked Prequels], 1UP, Retrieved on 2009-06-24</ref> included some additions to its predecessor, such as a dagger for close-range kills and a greater emphasis on disguising in enemy uniform.<ref name=gamingtarget/> [[id Software]]'s technically updated [[1992 in video gaming|1992]] remake ''[[Wolfenstein 3D]]'' was originally going to feature some of the original's stealth gameplay, such as body hiding, but this was cut to make the game faster paced. This ''Wolfenstein'' game would ironically pave the way for quite a few later [[Three-dimensional|3D]] action games, specifically [[first-person shooter]]s.<ref name="mastersdoom">{{Cite book | last=Kushner | first=David | title=[[Masters of Doom|Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created An Empire And Transformed Pop Culture]] | publisher=Random House | at=89 | year=2003 }}</ref> Another early title to utilize stealth elements was ''[[Super Rambo Special]]'', released by [[Pack-In-Video]] for the [[MSX|MSX2 ]] in [[1985]]. It was an [[action role-playing game]] that had elements similar to ''Metal Gear'', with the player having to sneak around jungles, but with inferior enemy [[AI]].[http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/rambo/rambo.htm]
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