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===Video projection games=== In the late 1960s, Japanese arcade manufacturers Kasco and [[SEGA]] introduced a new type of electro-mechanical game, video projection games. They were similar to, and anticipated, arcade video games, using rear video image projection to display moving animations on a video screen.<ref name="Cohen">{{Cite book|title=Killer Shark: The Undersea Horror Arcade Game from Jaws|author=D.S. Cohen|publisher=[[wikipedia:About.com|About.com]]|url=http://classicgames.about.com/od/arcadegames/p/KillerShark.htm|accessdate=2011-05-03}}</ref><ref name="kasco"/><ref name="academia"/> Video projection games became common in arcades of the 1970s. They combined electro-mechanical and video elements, laying the foundations for arcade video games, which adapted cabinet designs and gameplay mechanics from earlier video projection games.<ref name="academia"/> The first video projection games were Kasco's ''Indy 500'', released in the late 1960s,<ref name="kasco"/> and SEGA's ''[http://segaretro.org/Duck_Hunt Duck Hunt]'', released in January 1969.<ref name="Duck">{{Cite web|title=1969 SEGA Duck Hunt (Arcade Flyer)|work=pinrepair.com|url=http://www.pinrepair.com/arcade/sduckhu.htm|accessdate=2011-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{MOTG|13152|Duck Hunt (1969)}}</ref> ''Indy 500'' was a rear-projection [[racing game]] designed by Kenzou Furukawa. It used rear image projection to display a first-person scrolling track on a video screen, along with rival cars the player needs to avoid crashing into, while the controls consisted of a steering wheel and accelerator pedal. It became a hit in Japan, selling 2,000 cabinets there, and inspired several clones in 1969, including SEGA's ''Grand Prix'' and Chicago Coin's ''Speedway'', which became an even bigger hit in North America, selling 10,000 cabinets there and winning a prize. ''Indy 500'' laid the foundations for [[racing video game]]s.<ref name="kasco"/> In the late 1960s, SEGA developed ''[[Jet Rocket]]'', which eventually released in 1970, and was cloned shortly after by three Chicago manufacturers.<ref name="NG"/> It featured shooting and flight movement in a 3D environment from a first-person perspective, a precursor to first-person vehicle combat video games such as ''[[Battlezone]]'' (1980) and ''Hovertank 3D'' (1991), and the [[first-person shooter]] video game genre.<ref name="gamestudies">Carl Therrien, [http://gamestudies.org/1502/articles/therrien Inspecting Video Game Historiography Through Critical Lens: Etymology of the First-Person Shooter Genre], ''Game Studies: The International Journal of Computer Game Research'', Volume 15, issue 2, December 2015, ISSN 1604-7982</ref> In 1974, [[Nintendo]] released ''[[Wild Gunman]]''. It was the first [[wikipedia:Interactive movie|interactive movie]] game, and the first game to use [[full motion video]] (FMV).<ref name="gamestudies"/> The [[quick time event]] (QTE) mechanic also has origins in ''Wild Gunman''. Alternate film footage was played depending on the player's quick draw reaction. It paved the way for later QTE [[laserdisc video game]]s.<ref name="academia"/> In the 1970s, Kasco released a hit electro-mechanical arcade game with live-action FMV, projecting car footage filmed by [[wikipedia:Toei|Toei]].<ref name="kasco"/> In 1975, Kasco released the first holographic 3-D game, ''[https://www.giantbomb.com/gun-smoke/3030-59484/ Gun Smoke]'', a light gun shooter. It was a hit in Japan, selling 6,000 cabinets there, but only 750 cabinets were sold in the US.<ref>https://www.arcade-history.com/?n=gun-smoke&page=detail&id=14552</ref> It was followed by two more holographic Kasco gun games, ''Samurai'' and ''Bank Robber'', released between 1975 and 1977, as well as a 1976 Midway clone, ''Top Gun''. They predated the first holographic video games, SEGA's ''[[Time Traveler (video game)|Time Traveler]]'' (1991) and ''[[Holosseum]]'' (1992).<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=tLWlCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA179</ref> Following the release of ''[[Pong]]'' in 1972, arcade video games began competing with electro-mechanical games in the arcades.<ref>Brian Ashcraft (2008) ''Arcade Mania! The Turbo Charged World of Japan's Game Centers'', p. 134, Kodansha International</ref><ref name="kasco"/> The gradual shift was not abrupt, as early arcade video games were largely modelled after earlier video projection games,<ref name="academia"/> which continued to thrive up until the 1978 video game ''Space Invaders'',<ref name="kasco"/> which dealt a powerful blow to electro-mechanical games.<ref> Brian Ashcraft (2008) ''Arcade Mania! The Turbo Charged World of Japan's Game Centers'', p. 136, Kodansha International </ref> Kasco, one of the biggest electro-mechanical arcade manufacturers at the time, declined due to its reluctance to make the transition to arcade video games. The 1978 release of ''Space Invaders'' marked the end of the electro-mechanical golden age, and the beginning of the [[golden age of arcade video games]].<ref name="kasco"/>
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