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The following is a list of significant men and women known for being the '''pioneer''', '''father''', '''mother''' or '''founder''' of something in [[gaming]], including [[video game]]s (and the various [[video game genres]]) and [[board game]]s. For a list of gaming firsts, see [[List of firsts in gaming history]]. ==Video games== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !width="225px"| Subject(s) !width="250px"| Pioneer/Father/Mother !width="300px"| Reason(s) |- | '''[[Three-dimensional|3D gaming]]''' | [[Yu Suzuki]] | Created [[2.5D|pseudo-3D]] franchises ''[[Hang-On]]'', ''[[Space Harrier]]'', ''[[OutRun]]'' and ''[[After Burner|AfterBurner]]'', and [[Three-dimensional|3D]] franchises ''[[Virtua Racing]]'', ''[[Virtua Fighter (series)|Virtua Fighter]]'', ''[[Daytona USA|Daytona]],'' ''[[Virtua Cop]]'' and ''[[Shenmue (series)|Shenmue]]''. |- | '''[[Golden age of arcade video games|Arcade golden age]]''' | [[Tomohiro Nishikado]] | Creator of ''[[Space Invaders]]'', the [[shmup]] franchise that launched the [[arcade game|arcade]] golden age in 1978. |- | '''[[Arcade game|Arcade video game]]<br />[[Video game industry]]''' | [[Nolan Bushnell]] | Creator of ''[[Computer Space]]'' and ''[[Pong]]'', and founder of [[Atari]] and [[Chuck E. Cheese's]]. |- | '''[[Computer game]] ''' | [[Dietrich Prinz]]<br />[[Christopher Strachey]] | Wrote a limited program of [[Chess]] for the [[Ferranti Mark I]] computer in 1951.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/Computer-Chess.htm |title=History of Computer Chess and Programmer Dietrich Prinz |publisher=Inventors.about.com |date=1903-03-29 |accessdate=2013-04-04}}</ref><br />Developed a simulation of [[Draughts]] for [[Pilot ACE]] computer in 1951 at [[National Physical Laboratory, UK|NPL]]. |- | '''[[Handheld|Handheld gaming]]''' | [[Gunpei Yokoi]] <ref>[http://thesupersmashbloggers.tumblr.com/post/74562008062/nintendo-visionaries-gunpei-yokoi-the-father-of Nintendo Visionaries: Gunpei Yokoi, the father of Handheld Gaming, Metroid, Wario and more!], Super Smash Blogggers, January 25, 2014</ref> | Creator of the [[Game Boy]] [[handheld console]], released in 1989. |- | '''[[Japan|Japanese video game industry]]''' | [[Tomohiro Nishikado]] | Creator of Japan's first [[video game]], ''[[Tomohiro Nishikado|Soccer]]'', released in 1973.<ref name="Dreams">{{cite web|title=Tomohiro Nishikado's biography at his company's web site|publisher=Dreams, Inc.|archiveurl=http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20090401041713/http://www.dreams-game.com/profile/president.html|archivedate=2009-04-01|url=http://www.dreams-game.com/profile/president.html|accessdate=2011-03-27}} ([http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ja&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20090401041713%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.dreams-game.com%2Fprofile%2Fpresident.html&act=url Translation])</ref> |- | '''[[Video game|Modern video game]]''' | [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] <ref>http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS218035+15-Jan-2009+PRN20090115</ref> | Creator of many successful [[Nintendo]] franchises, such as ''[[Donkey Kong series|Donkey Kong]]'', ''[[Mario series|Mario]]'', ''[[The Legend of Zelda series|The Legend of Zelda]]'', ''[[Star Fox series|Star Fox]]'', and ''[[Wii (series)|Wii]]'' |- | '''[[Console|Modern video game console]]''' | [[Gerald Lawson]] <ref>[http://www.baltimoregamer.com/posts/new-that-should-not-be-forgotten-the-father-of-the-modern-video-game-console-gerald-jerry-lawson-has-died-at-the-age-of-70-in-a-california-hospital News That Should Not be Forgotten: The Father of the Modern Video Game Console, Gerald “Jerry” Lawson, Has Died at the Age of 70 in a California Hospital], Baltimore Gamer</ref> | Creator of [[Fairchild Channel F]], the first console with a [[Instructions per second|microprocessor]] and interchangeable game [[cartridge]]s, released in 1976. |- | '''[[Video game]]''' | [[Thomas T. Goldsmith, Jr.]]<br />[[William Higinbotham]] | Inventor of [[first video game]], the [[Cathode ray tube amusement device|cathode ray tube amusement device]], in 1947.<br />Developed ''[[Tennis for Two]]'', using [[analog computer]] with [[vector graphics|vector display]] of [[oscilloscope]].<ref>[http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/history/higinbotham.asp Brookhaven History: The First Video Game]</ref><ref name="Introduction to Game Development">Rabin, Steve. ''Introduction to Game Development''. Massachusetts: Charles River Media, 2005.</ref> |- | '''[[Console|Video game console]]''' | [[Ralph H. Baer]] <ref>http://www.gamasutra.com/features/20060424/hawkins_01.shtml</ref> | Inventor of the first video game console, the [[Magnavox Odyssey]], released in 1972. |} ===Concepts=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !width="225px"| Concept(s) !width="250px"| Pioneer/Father/Mother !width="300px"| Reason(s) |- | '''[[Two-dimensional|2D scrolling]]<br />[http://www.giantbomb.com/vertical-scrolling/3015-1899/ Vertical scrolling]''' | [[Tomohiro Nishikado]] | Creator of ''[[Speed Race]]'', the first video game to use scrolling, specifically vertical scrolling, in 1974. |- | '''[[Sprite|2D sprite]]''' | [[Tomohiro Nishikado]] | Creator of ''[[Speed Race]]'', which introduced the use of scrolling [[Two-dimensional|2D]] sprites in 1974. |- | '''[[Anti-Aliasing|3D anti-aliasing]]''' | [[Yu Suzuki]] | Introduced this graphical technique with ''[[Virtua Racing]]'' on the [[Sega Model 1]] [[Arcade game|arcade]] system in 1992. |- | '''[[Cover system|3D cover system]]''' | [[Takashi Sano]] | Creator of ''[[Time Crisis]]'', first [[Three-dimensional|3D]] [[shooter]] with cover system, released in 1995. |- | '''[[Three-dimensional|3D polygon graphics]]''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/katsunori-yoshimura/3040-10321/ Katsunori Yoshimura]<br />[[Dave Theurer]] | Creator of ''[[Plazma Line]]'', first [[computer game]] with 3D polygons in 1984.<br />Creator of ''[[I, Robot]]'', first [[arcade game]] with 3D polygons in 1984. |- | '''[http://www.giantbomb.com/quick-time-event/3015-6/ 3D quick-time event] (QTE)''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/makoto-uchida/3040-94871/ Makoto Uchida]<br />[[Yu Suzuki]] | Creator of ''[[Die Hard Arcade]]'', the first 3D game with QTE mechanic.<br />Creator of the ''[[Shenmue]]'' franchise, which coined the QTE term. |- | '''[[Three-dimensional|3D texture filtering]]''' | [[Yu Suzuki]] | Introduced this graphical technique with ''[[Daytona USA]]'' on the [[Sega Model 2]] arcade system in 1993. |- | '''[[Active Time Battle|Active time battle]] (ATB)''' | [[Hiroyuki Ito]]<br />[[Hironobu Sakagachi]] | Creators of ATB system for ''[[Final Fantasy IV]]'', ''[[Final Fantasy V|V]]'''' and ''[[Final Fantasy VI|VI]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/inpadoc?DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP&FT=D&CC=US&NR=5390937A |title=List of patent family members for US Patent No. 5390937 |publisher=[[espacenet]] |accessdate =17 November 2011}}</ref> |- | '''[http://www.giantbomb.com/autostereoscopy/3015-7492/ Autostereoscopic 3D]''' | [[Seijiro Tomita]] <ref>[http://www.gamespot.com/articles/nintendo-loses-3ds-patent-lawsuit/1100-6405297/ Nintendo loses 3DS patent lawsuit]</ref> | Patented technology for developing 3D images without the need for 3D glasses. |- | '''[[Light Bloom|Bloom lighting]]<br />[http://www.giantbomb.com/depth-of-field/3015-5087/ Depth-of-field (DOF) effect]''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/takashi-tokita/3040-48578/ Takashi Tokita]<br />[http://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/view/developerId,79382/ Hisahiko Takeuchi] | Developed bloom lighting and depth-of-field effects for ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/the-bouncer/3030-11814/ The Bouncer]'', released in 2000. |- | '''[[Combo]]''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/yoshihisa-kishimoto/3040-91024/ Yoshihisa Kishimoto]<br />[[Noritaka Funamizu]] | Introduced with ''[[Kunio-kun]]'' and ''[[Renegade]]'' 1987, and ''[[Double Dragon (series)|Double Dragon]]'' in 1987.<br />Introduced to [[Versus fighting game|versus fighters]] with ''[[Street Fighter II]]'' in 1991. |- | '''[[Cover system|Cover mechanic]]<br />[http://www.giantbomb.com/destructible-cover/3015-112/ Destructible cover]''' | [[Tomohiro Nishikado]] | Creator of ''[[Gun Fight]]'' and ''[[Space Invaders]]'', the first games with destructible cover mechanics. |- | '''[[Cutscene]]''' | [[Tomohiro Nishikado]] | Creator of ''[[Space Invaders|Space Invaders Part II]]'', the first game to use cutscenes, released in 1979. |- | '''[[Deathmatch]]''' | [[John Romero]] <ref>[http://egmr.net/2010/09/egamefame-john-romero-the-father-of-deathmatch/ eGameFame: John Romero — The Father Of Deathmatch]</ref> | Creator of the ''[[Doom]]'' franchise and coined the "deathmatch" term. |- | '''[[Headshot]]''' | [[Yu Suzuki]]<br />[http://www.giantbomb.com/martin-hollis/3040-44577/ Martin Hollis] | Introduced with the ''[[Virtua Cop]]'' series, debuted in 1994.<br />Introduced to [[first-person shooter]]s with ''[[GoldenEye]]'' in 1997. |- | '''[[Life meter]]<br />[[Health|Health regeneration]]''' | [[Genyo Takeda]]<br />[[Shigeru Miyamoto]] | Creators of ''[[Punch-Out!!|Punch-Out]]'', the first game to feature life meters with regenerating health. |- | '''[[Instructions per second|Microprocessor use]]''' | [[Dave Nutting]]<br />[[Gerald Lawson]] | Ported ''[[Gun Fight|Western Gun]]'' as microprocessor-based ''[[Gun Fight]]'' in 1975.<br />Planned for ''[[Demolition Derby]]'' in 1975 and used for [[Fairchild Channel F]] in 1976. |- | '''[http://www.giantbomb.com/parallax-scrolling/3015-2915/ Parallax scrolling]''' | [[Takashi Nishiyama]] | Creator of ''[[Moon Patrol]]'', the first [[side-scroller]] to use parallax scrolling, released in 1982. |- | '''[[Power-up]]''' | [[Toru Iwatani]] | Creator of the ''[[Pac-Man]]'' franchise. |- | '''[[2.5D|Pseudo-3D]]<br />[[Sprite (computer graphics)|Sprite-scaling]]''' | [[Yu Suzuki]] | Creator of the ''[[Hang-On]]'', ''[[Space Harrier]]'', ''[[OutRun]]'' and ''[[After Burner]]'' franchises. |- | '''[http://www.giantbomb.com/quick-time-event/3015-6/ Quick-time event] (QTE)''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/don-bluth/3040-45789/ Don Bluth] | Creator of the ''[[Dragon's Lair]]'' franchise and ''[[Space Ace]]''. |- | '''[http://www.giantbomb.com/ray-casting/3015-1517/ Ray casting]''' | [[John Carmack]] | Programmer of ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/hovertank/3030-6611/ Hovertank]'', ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/catacomb-3-d/3030-12274/ Catacomb 3-D]'', ''[[Wolfenstein 3D]]'' and ''[[Doom]]''. |- | '''[[Cartridge|ROM cartridge]]''' | [[Gerald Lawson]] | Creator of [[Fairchild Channel F]], the first console with interchangeable game cartridges, released in 1976. |- | '''[[Cover system|Third-person cover system]]''' | [[Hideo Kojima]]<br />[http://www.giantbomb.com/chris-esaki/3040-28654/ Chris Esaki] | Developed third-person cover with ''[[Metal Gear Solid]]'' and ''[[Metal Gear Solid 2]]''.<br />Creator of ''[[Kill Switch (video game)|Kill Switch]]'' and design director of ''[[Gears of War]]'' and ''[[Mass Effect]]''. |} ===Controls=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !width="225px"| Control(s) !width="250px"| Pioneer/Father/Mother !width="300px"| Reason(s) |- | '''[[Analog joystick|Analog flightstick]]''' | [[Yu Suzuki]] | 1985 [[arcade]] [[shooter]] ''[[Space Harrier]]'' introduced true analog flight stick for movement, moving in any direction and measuring degree of push.<ref>[http://uk.retro.ign.com/articles/906/906935p2.html Space Harrier Retrospective], [[IGN]]</ref> |- | '''[[Analog joystick|Analog thumbstick]]''' | [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] | Designed modern analog thumbstick design for [[Nintendo 64]]. |- | '''[[D-pad]]''' | [[Gunpei Yokoi]] | Designed and patented for ''[[Donkey Kong (video game)|Donkey Kong]]'' [[Game & Watch]] [[handheld]] game in 1982. It later earned a [[wikipedia:Technology & Engineering Emmy Award|Technology & Engineering Emmy Award]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Sky-News-Archive/Article/20080641299976 |title=Nintendo Wins Emmy For DS And Wii Engineering | Technology | Sky News |publisher=News.sky.com |date=2008-01-09 |accessdate=2010-08-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Magrino |first=Tom |url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/6184421.html |title=CES '08: Nintendo wins second Emmy - News at GameSpot |publisher=Gamespot.com |date=2008-01-08 |accessdate=2010-08-30}}</ref> |- | '''[[Mouselook|Dual analog stick controls]]''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/martin-hollis/3040-44577/ Martin Hollis] | Introduced with ''[[GoldenEye 007]]'' as an option, using two [[Nintendo 64 Controller]]s, in 1997. |- | '''[[Joystick|Dual joystick controls]]''' | [[Tomohiro Nishikado]] | Introduced with ''[[Gun Fight]]'', released for arcades in 1975. |- | '''[http://www.giantbomb.com/motion-control/3015-474/ Full-body motion-sensing]''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/assaf-gurner/3040-115016/ Assaf Gurner] | The [http://www.giantbomb.com/sega-activator/3000-8/ Sega Activator], based on the Light Harp invented by Assaf Gurner,<ref>{{cite video |title=Light Harp at CES 1993 |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoxsnCiX05k |publisher=[[YouTube]] |accessdate=2010-07-06}}</ref> was the first controller with full-body motion sensing.<ref name="Activator">{{cite web |title=Top 10 Tuesday: Worst Game Controllers |url=http://www.sega-16.com/feature_page.php?id=85&title=Genesis%20Accessory%20&%20Peripheral%20Guide |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100206204922/http://www.sega-16.com/feature_page.php?id=85&title=Genesis%20Accessory%20&%20Peripheral%20Guide |archivedate=2010-02-06 |work=[http://www.sega-16.com/ Sega-16] |accessdate=2010-12-04 |last=Horowitz |first=Ken |date=2004-08-03}}</ref> |- | '''[http://www.giantbomb.com/motion-control/3015-474/ Motion control]''' | [[Yu Suzuki]] | Creator of ''[[Hang-On]]'', which introduced the idea of physically moving to control the [[player character]] in the game. |- | '''[[Strafe|Strafing]]''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/katsunori-yoshimura/3040-10321/ Katsunori Yoshimura] | Introduced with ''[[Star Cruiser]]'', released in 1988. |} ===Genres=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !width="225px"| Genre(s) !width="250px"| Pioneer/Father/Mother !width="300px"| Reason(s) |- | '''[[Fighting game|3D fighter]]''' | [[Yu Suzuki]] | Creator of the ''[[Virtua Fighter (series)|Virtua Fighter]]'' franchise, debuted in 1993. |- | '''[[Hack & Slash|3D hack & slash]]''' | [[Hideki Kamiya]] | Creator of the ''[[Devil May Cry]]'' and ''[[Bayonetta]]'' franchises. |- | '''[[Open world|3D open world]]<br />[[Adventure game|3D adventure]]''' | [[Yu Suzuki]] | Creator of the ''[[Shenmue]]'' franchise, debuted in 1999. |- | '''[[3D platformer]]''' | [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] | Creator of ''[[Super Mario 64]]'', released in 1996, and subsequent 3D ''[[Super Mario (series)|Super Mario]]'' games. |- | '''[[Rail shooter|3D rail shooter]]<br />[[Light gun|3D light-gun shooter]]''' | [[Yu Suzuki]] | Creator of [[Two-and-a-half-dimensional|pseudo-3D]] rail shooters ''[[Space Harrier]]'' and ''[[After Burner]]'', and [[Three-dimensional|3D]] light-gun shooter franchise ''[[Virtua Cop]]''. |- | '''[[Survival horror|3D survival horror]]''' | [[Frédérick Raynal]]<br />[http://www.giantbomb.com/kenichiro-hayashi/3040-118245/ Kenichiro Hayashi] | Director of ''[[Alone in the Dark]]'', the first [[Three-dimensional|3D polygon]] survival horror game.<br />Created ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/doctor-hauzer/3030-36588/ Doctor Hauzer]'' and ''[[OverBlood]]'', the first fully 3D survival horror games.<ref name="Defunct-Hauzer">{{cite web|title=Doctor Hauzer|author=Adam Romano|date=March 8, 2008|publisher=Defunct Games|url=http://www.defunctgames.com/shows.php?id=review-966|accessdate=2011-05-12}}</ref> |- | '''[[Action game]]<br />[[Vehicular combat]]''' | [[Martin Graetz]]<br />[[Steve Russell]] | Creators of ''[[Spacewar!]]'' in 1961. |- | '''[[Action-adventure]]''' | [[Kenzou Furukawa]] <ref>[https://www.giantbomb.com/kenzou-furukawa/3040-169950/ Kenzou Furukawa], Giant Bomb</ref> <br> [[Tomohiro Nishikado]] | Creator of ''[[Jet Rocket]]'' (1970), the first action-adventure game. <br> Creator of ''[[Western Gun]]'' (1975), the first action-adventure video game. |- | '''[[Action role-playing game]] (ARPG)''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/yoshio-kiya/3040-5470/ Yoshio Kiya] | Creator of ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/panorama-toh/3030-45796/ Panorama Tou]'', the ''[[Dragon Slayer (series)|Dragon Slayer]]'', ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/ys/3025-112/ Ys]'' and ''[[Brandish]]'' franchises, and ''[[Popful Mail]]''. |- | '''[[Adventure game]]<br />[[Graphic adventure game|Graphic adventure]]''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/roberta-williams/3040-2073/ Roberta Williams] <ref>[https://archive.org/details/thinkdigit-magazine-2003-01 ''Thinkdigit Magazine'', 2003-01 (January 2003)]</ref> | Creator of the ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/hi-res-adventures/3025-1686/ Hi-Res Adventures]'' and ''[[King's Quest]]'' franchises. |- | '''[[Beat 'em up]]''' | [[Takashi Nishiyama]]<br />[http://www.giantbomb.com/yoshihisa-kishimoto/3040-91024/ Yoshihisa Kishimoto] | Creator of ''[[Kung-Fu Master]]'', the first [[Side-scroller|side-scrolling]] beat 'em up, released in 1984.<br />Creator of the ''[[Kunio-kun]]'', ''[[Renegade]]'' and ''[[Double Dragon (series)|Double Dragon]]'' franchises. |- | '''[[First-person shooter|Console first-person shooter]] (Console FPS)''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/martin-hollis/3040-44577/ Martin Hollis] | Creator of ''[[GoldenEye]]'' and ''[[Perfect Dark]]'' for the [[Nintendo 64]]. |- | '''[[Computer role-playing game]] (CRPG)<br />[[Dungeon crawl]]''' | [[Rusty Rutherford]] | Creator of ''[[Pedit5]]'', the first computer role-playing game, in Winter 1975. |- | '''[[Console role-playing game]]<br />(Console RPG)''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/yuji-horii/3040-46276/ Yuji Horii] | Creator of the ''[[Dragon Quest]]'' franchise, debuted in 1986. |- | '''[[Fighting game]]<br />[[Versus fighting game|Versus fighter]]''' | [[Takashi Nishiyama]] | Creator of the ''[[Street Fighter]]'', ''[[Fatal Fury]]'', ''[[Art of Fighting series|Art of Fighting]]'' and ''[[King of Fighters]]'' franchises. |- | '''[[First-person shooter]] (FPS)''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/katsunori-yoshimura/3040-10321/ Katsunori Yoshimura]<br />[[John Romero]] | Creator of the ''[[Star Cruiser]]'' series.<br />Creator of ''[[Wolfenstein 3D]]'', the ''[[Doom]]'' and ''[[Quake (series)|Quake]]'' franchises, and ''[[Daikatana]]''. |- | '''[[Hack & Slash]]''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/makoto-uchida/3040-94871/ Makoto Uchida] | Creator of the ''[[Golden Axe (series)|Golden Axe]]'' franchise, debuted in 1989. |- | '''[[Role-playing game|Japanese role-playing game]] (JRPG)''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/kou-shibusawa/3040-25867/ Kou Shibusawa] | Creator of ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/the-dragon-princess/3030-42510/ The Dragon & Princess]'', the first Japanese role-playing game, released in 1982. |- | '''[[Kart racer]]''' | [[Yu Suzuki]] | Creator of ''[[Power Drift]]'', the first kart-based [[arcade racer]], released in 1988. |- | '''[[Massively multiplayer online role-playing game|Massively multiplayer online RPG]] (MMORPG)''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/richard-garriott/3040-6635/ Richard Garriott] | Creator of ''[[Ultima Online]]'', coined MMORPG term, and executive producer of ''[[Lineage]]'' and ''[[Tabula Rasa]]''. |- | '''[[Maze|Maze game]] ''' | [[Toru Iwatani]] | Creator of the ''[[Pac-Man]]'' franchise. |- | '''[[Survival horror|Modern survival horror]]''' | [[Shinji Mikami]] <ref>[http://www.edge-online.com/features/shinji-mikami-the-father-of-survival-horror-bringing-fresh-terror-to-games/ Father of survival horror Shinji Mikami promises fresh terror with The Evil Within], ''[[Edge]]''</ref> | Creator of the ''[[Resident Evil (series)|Resident Evil]]'' and ''[[Dino Crisis]]'' franchises, and coined the "survival horror" term. |- | '''[[Third-person shooter|Modern third-person shooter]] (TPS)''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/chris-esaki/3040-28654/ Chris Esaki]<br />[[Shinji Mikami]] | Creator of ''[[Kill Switch (video game)|Kill Switch]]'' and design director of ''[[Gears of War]]'' and ''[[Mass Effect]]''.<br />Creator of ''[[Resident Evil 4]]'' and ''[[Vanquish]]''. |- | '''[[Open world]]''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/yoshio-kiya/3040-5470/ Yoshio Kiya] | Creator of ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/panorama-toh/3030-45796/ Panorama Tou]'' and the ''[[Dragon Slayer (series)|Dragon Slayer]]'' franchise. |- | '''[http://www.giantbomb.com/otome/3015-2033/ Otome game]<br />[http://www.giantbomb.com/games-for-girls/3015-2469/ Games for girls]''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/kairi-yura/3040-108558/ Kairi Yura] | Creator of the ''[[Angelique (video game)|Angelique]]'' franchise and ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/neo-angelique/3030-23454/ Neo Angelique]''. |- | '''[[Real-time strategy|PC real-time strategy]] (PC RTS)''' | [[Brett Sperry]]<br />[[Joseph Bostic]] | Creators of ''[[Dune II]]'', the first PC RTS game, released in 1992. |- | '''[[PC role-playing game]] (PC RPG)<br />[[Role-playing game|Western role-playing game]] (WRPG)''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/richard-garriott/3040-6635/ Richard Garriott] | Creator of ''[[Akalabeth: World of Doom]]'' and the ''[[Ultima (series)|Ultima]]'' franchise. |- | '''[[Platformer]]<br />[[Side-scroller|Side-scrolling platformer]]''' | [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] | Creator of the ''[[Donkey Kong]]'' and ''[[Mario series|Mario]]'' franchises. |- | '''[[Metroidvania|Platform-adventure]] (Metroidvania)''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/yoshio-kiya/3040-5470/ Yoshio Kiya] | Developed platform-adventure format with ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/xanadu/3025-1893/ Xanadu]'', followed by later ''[[Dragon Slayer (series)|Dragon Slayer]]'' games and ''[[Popful Mail]]''. |- | '''[[Racing|Racing game]]<br />[[Arcade racer]]''' | [[Tomohiro Nishikado]] | Creator of the ''[[Speed Race]]'' and ''[[Chase H.Q.]]'' franchises. |- | '''[[Real-time strategy]] (RTS)<br />[[Multiplayer online battle arena]] (MOBA)''' | [[Osamu Tsujikawa]]<br />[[Takashi Iwanaga]] | Creators of ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/herzog-zwei/3030-11439/ Herzog Zwei]'', the first RTS and precursor to MOBA, released in 1989. |- | '''[[Roguelike]]''' | [[Michael Toy]]<br />[[Glenn Wichman]] | Creators of ''[[Rogue]]'', the template for Roguelike games. |- | '''[[Role-playing shooter]] (RPS)''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/katsunori-yoshimura/3040-10321/ Katsunori Yoshimura] | Creator of ''[[Wibarm]]'' and the ''[[Star Cruiser]]'' series. |- | '''[[Run and Gun|Run & gun shooter]]''' | [[Genyo Takeda]]<br />[[Shigeru Miyamoto]] | Creators of ''[[Sheriff (arcade game)|Sheriff]]'', released in 1979. |- | '''[[Shooter]]<br />[[Shoot 'em up]] (Shmup)''' | [[Tomohiro Nishikado]] | Creator of ''[[Gun Fight]]'', ''[[Interceptor]]'', and ''[[Space Invaders]]'' franchise. |- | '''[[Scrolling shooter|Side-scrolling shooter]]''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/eugene-jarvis/3005-16787/ Eugene Jarvis] | Creator of ''[[Defender]]'', one of the first [[Side-scroller|side-scrolling]] [[shmup]]s, released in 1981. |- | '''[[Simulation racer]]''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/omar-khudari/3040-20978/ Omar Khudari]<br />[[David Kaemmer]] | Creators of ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/indianapolis-500-the-simulation/3030-3863/ Indianapolis 500: The Simulation]'' and the ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/indycar-racing/3030-20382/ IndyCar Racing]'' series. |- | '''[[Sports|Sports game]]''' | [[William Higinbotham]]<br />[[Ralph Baer]] | Creator of ''[[Tennis for Two]]'' in 1958.<br />Creator of ''[[Pong|Tennis]]'' for [[Magnavox Odyssey]], released in 1972. |- | '''[[Stealth action|Stealth game]]''' | [[Hideo Kojima]] <ref>{{cite web|title=Hideo Kojima 'GDC 2009 Keynote' video Part 2 of 4|publisher=[[1UP.com]]|date=March 26, 2009|url=http://gamevideos.1up.com/video/id/24175|accessdate=2010-04-01}}</ref> | Creator of the ''[[Metal Gear series|Metal Gear]]'' franchise of stealth-action games, debuted in 1987. |- | '''[[Strategy role-playing game|Strategy RPG]] (SRPG)<br />[[Tactical role-playing game|Tactical RPG]] (TRPG)''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/kou-shibusawa/3040-25867/ Kou Shibusawa] | Creator of ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/the-dragon-princess/3030-42510/ The Dragon & Princess]'' and the ''[[Nobunaga's Ambition]]'' and ''[[Romance of the Three Kingdoms (video game series)|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]]'' franchises. |- | '''[[Arcade racer|Street racer]]''' | [[Yu Suzuki]] | Creator of ''[[OutRun]]'', the first [[2.5D|pseudo-3D]] [[arcade racer]] taking place in a street environment. |- | '''[[Survival horror]]''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/katsuya-iwamoto/3040-107087/ Katsuya Iwamoto]<br />[[wikipedia:Juzo Itami|Juzo Itami]] | Creator of ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/war-of-the-dead/3030-33862/ War of the Dead]'', considered the first survival horror game.<ref>John Szczepaniak, [http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/wotd/wotd.htm War of the Dead], Hardcore Gaming 101, 15 January 2011</ref><br />Producer of ''[[Sweet Home]]'',<ref>[http://www.gamefaqs.com/nes/563467-sweet-home/credit Sweet Home: Credits], [[GameFAQs]]</ref> the survival horror game that inspired ''[[Resident Evil]]''. |- | '''[[Visual novel]] (VN)''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/yuji-horii/3040-46276/ Yuji Horii] | Creator of the ''[http://www.giantbomb.com/yuji-horii-mysteries/3025-2157/ Yuji Horii Mysteries]'' franchise, debuted in 1983. |} ==Board games== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !width="225px"| Subject(s) !width="250px"| Pioneer/Father/Mother !width="300px"| Reason(s) |- | '''[[Backgammon]]''' | [[wikipedia:Burzoe|Buzarjumihr/Bozorgmehr]] | Backgammon first mentioned in 6th century text ''Wızarisnı Catrang ud Nihisnı New Ardaxsır'', which credits Buzarjumihr/Bozorgmehr with invention in 5th century.<ref>Daryaee, Touraj (2006) in "Backgammon" in ''Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia'' ed. Meri, Josef W. & Bacharach, Jere L, pp. 88-89. Taylor & Francis.</ref> |- | '''[[Draughts|Checkerboard]]<br />[[Strategy game]]''' | [[wikipedia:Hatshepsut|Queen Hatasu]] | [https://ancientegypt.fandom.com Ancient Egyptian] [[wikipedia:Checkerboard|checkerboards]], found with their pieces in burial chambers, were played by Queen Hatasu in the 15th century BC.<ref name=strutt>{{cite book|last=Strutt|first=Joseph|title=The sports and pastimes of the people of England|location=London|year=1801|pages=255|url=http://books.google.com/?id=eJwSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA255#v=onepage&q=}}</ref><ref name=Ellensburgh>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yo0KAAAAIBAJ&sjid=x0sDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1525%2C2429787|title= Lure of checkers|date=17 February 1916|work=The Ellensburgh Capital|pages=1|accessdate=2009-04-16}}</ref> |- | '''[[Chess]]''' | [[wikipedia:Ardashir I|Ardashir I]] | Chess first mentioned in ''[[wikipedia:Kar-Namag i Ardashir i Pabagan|Karnamak-i Ardeshir-i Papakan]]'', which mentions it as an accomplishment of Ardashir I in the 3rd century.<ref name=Bell1>{{cite book| last = Bell| first = Robert Charles| authorlink = Robert Charles Bell| title = Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations| publisher = Courier Dover Publications| year = 1979| isbn = 0-486-23855-5| page = 57}}</ref> |- | '''[[Draughts|Draughts / Checkers]]''' | [[wikipedia:Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani|Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani]] | Draughts first mentioned in his ''[[wikipedia:Kitab al-Aghani|Kitab al-Aghani]]'' in the 10th century.<ref name="gameplay">{{cite book|last=Oxland|first=Kevin|title=Gameplay and design|publisher=Pearson Education|year=2004 |edition=Illustrated|pages=333|isbn=978-0-321-20467-7 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=l05TkZFbS24C}}</ref> |- | '''[[Go]]''' | [[wikipedia:Zuo Qiuming|Zuo Qiuming]] | Go first mentioned in his ''[[wikipedia:Zuo Zhuan|Zuo Zhuan]]'',<ref>{{cite journal | last = Potter | first = Donald L. | year = 1985 | title= Go in the Classics (ii): the Tso-chuan | journal = [[Go World]] | issue = 42 | publisher = Ishi Press | location = Tokyo | pages = pp. 19–21 | url = http://www.kiseido.com/classics.htm | accessdate = 2007-11-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.pandanet.co.jp/English/essay/goancientchina.html | title = Go in Ancient China | last = Fairbairn | first = John | year = 1995 | accessdate = 2007-11-02}}</ref> published in the early 4th century BC. |- | '''[[Miniature wargaming]]''' | [[wikipedia:H.G. Wells|H.G. Wells]] <ref>[http://theminiaturespage.com/ref/minigide.html The Miniatures Page]. ''The World of Miniatures - An Overview''.</ref> | |- | '''[[Othello]]''' | [http://boardgamegeek.com/boardgamedesigner/9102/goro-hasegawa Goro Hasegawa] | Created by Goro Hasegawa in 1971, inspired by [[Go]]<ref name="mdigame">[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Othello%3A+The+World's+Best+Selling+Licensed+Strategy+Game+Lands+in+MDI...-a094878240 "Othello: The World's Best Selling Licensed Strategy Game Lands in MDI Entertainment's Portfolio of Lottery Game Properties"], 4 December 2002.</ref> and [[Reversi]],<ref name="reversi"/> as well as [http://www.giantbomb.com/william-shakespeare/3005-19852/ Shakespeare's] ''[[wikipedia:Othello|Othello]]''. |- | '''[[Reversi]]''' | [[Lewis Waterman]]<br />[[John W. Mollett]] | Created by Lewis Waterman and John W. Mollett in 1882,<ref name="reversi">[http://www.beppi.it/public/OthelloMuseum/pages/history.php Brief history of Othello]</ref> inspired by [[Go]] and [[wikipedia:Gomoku|Gomoku]].<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F01EEDB1139E033A25752C0A9649D94649ED7CF&scp=14&sq=reversi "FINE NEW GAMES AND TOYS; Now Ready for Distribution by the Agents of Santa Claus. IN THE MODERN WONDERLAND Millions Spent for the Amusement and Instruction of Children – Minds Active and Hands Busy All the Time"], ''New York Times'', 1 December 1895: "''Reversi is something like Go Bang, and is played with 64 pieces.''"</ref> |- | '''[[Role-playing game]] (RPG)''' | [http://www.giantbomb.com/e-gary-gygax/3040-25447/ Gary Gygax] <ref>{{cite web | last=Rausch | first=Allen | date=August 15, 2004 | title=Gary Gygax Interview - Part I | work=[[GameSpy]] | url=http://pc.gamespy.com/articles/538/538817p1.html | accessdate=2005-01-03}}</ref> | Creator of ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]''. |- | '''[[Wargaming]]''' | [[wikipedia:Charles S. Roberts|Charles S. Roberts]] <ref>[http://www.alanemrich.com/CSR_pages/CSRfoundingfather.htm "Charles S. Roberts: The Founding Father"]</ref> | |} ==See also== *[[List of firsts in gaming history]] *[[History of video games]] *[[Arcade game]] *[[Console]] *[[Console wars]] *[[List of best-selling game consoles]] *[[List of best-selling video games]] *[[List of best-selling video game franchises]] *[[PC]] ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==External links== *[https://history.wikia.com/wiki/List_of_people_considered_father_or_mother_of_a_field List of people considered father or mother of a field] at [https://history.wikia.com History Wiki] {{History of video games}} {{Genres}} {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Persons Considered Father Or Mother Of Something}} <!--Categories--> [[Category:Lists of people by name feature|Father or mother of something]] [[Category:Lists]]
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